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The Following BOROJOA
PATINOI Information Is A Summary Of Pubc Domain
Documents, Our Investigation And Other Documents
Provided To Us By Our Collaborators:
Scientific name: Borojoa
patinoi.
Family: Rubiaceous
Origin: Wild
plant native of the west and south basins of the Amazon
river, in the zone shared by Peru, Brazil and Bolivia.
In the Choco zone, Darien jungle, Colombia’s Pacific
coast, we find the Borojoa patinoi cuatr species.
(2,3)
Botanical description:
The Borojoa patinoi
is a shrub of 3 to 5 meters in height. Straight stalk,
decussate leaves, with well defined stipule, coriaceous.
Dioica plant. Masculine flowers in chapters, short
calyx, prismatic or conic, generally actinomorphous,
sessile, pentamerous and some times tetramerous without
an ovary or, if it exists, it is rudimentary or non
functional. The feminine flowers are lonely and terminal
with two pairs of bracteal stipules and six longer
stigmas; inferior ovary, with umbilical calyx at the
base, six cavities and many ovules, corolla with six to
nine petals, lineal stamen, empty or sterile. The fruit
is a carnose berry from 7 to 12 cm. in length, an even
diameter, being pluri form and generally flat at the
apex, green in color at the beginning and light brown at
maturity; pulp constituted by mesocarp and the endocarp,
with no apparent separation from the shell, weight
between 90 and 640 g, with an average of 330 seeds per
fruit.
Composition:
The dietetic analysis showed that it is rich in
minerals and basic oligoelements for human nutrition
such as Iron, Magnesium, Calcium. Phosphorus, Aluminum,
Sodium, Silica, Magnesium, Boron and Copper (2)
It also contains amino
acids such as Tryptophane, Lysine, *Leucine, Alanine, *Isoleucine,
*Phenylalanine, *Methionine, Tyrosine, Glutamic Acid,
Serine, Glycine, Arginine, *treonine, Proline, *Valine,
y Cystine (2,5)
* Essential amino acids.
Table No.1
Chemical composition of
100 g of edible part of Boroja patinoi (1)
|
Component
|
Unit
|
Patiño
(1950)
|
Romero
(1961)
|
Villalobos
(1978)
|
|
Water
|
g
|
-
-
|
64.7
|
55
|
a
|
69
|
|
PH
|
|
-
-
|
-
-
|
2.8
|
a
|
3
|
|
Energetic
Value
|
cal
|
-
-
|
93
|
0
|
a
|
-
-
|
|
Carbohydrates
|
g
|
24.7
|
24.7
|
23
|
a
|
32
|
|
Total
sugars
|
g
|
-
-
|
-
-
|
4.2
|
a
|
7.8
|
|
Reducing
sugars
|
g
|
-
-
|
-
-
|
2
|
a
|
6
|
|
Fiber
|
g
|
-
-
|
8.3
|
10
|
a
|
15
|
|
Ashes
|
g
|
-
-
|
1.2
|
0.8
|
a
|
1.2
|
|
Proteins
|
g
|
1.06
|
1.1
|
0.8
|
a
|
1.3
|
|
Fats
|
g
|
0.02
|
0
|
0.7
|
a
|
1
|
|
Calcium
|
mg.
|
23
|
25
|
|
|
-
-
|
|
Phosphorus
|
mg.
|
40
|
160
|
|
|
-
-
|
|
Iron
|
mg.
|
0.16
|
1.5
|
|
|
-
-
|
|
Thiamine
|
mg.
|
25
gammas
|
0.3
|
|
|
-
-
|
|
Riboflavin
|
mg.
|
76
gammas
|
0.12
|
|
|
-
-
|
|
Niacin
|
mg.
|
-
-
|
2.3
|
|
|
-
-
|
|
Ascorbic
Acid
|
mg.
|
-
-
|
3
|
|
|
-
-
|
|
Vitamin
C
|
mg.
|
3
|
3.1
|
|
|
-
-
|
|
Soluble
Solids at 2 º C
|
mg
|
-
-
|
-
-
|
29
|
a
|
41
|
Table No.2
The qualitative phyto-chemical
function confirmed the presence of absence of the
following secondary metabolites (2, 4)
| Tannins |
+ |
| Phenol
Compounds |
+ |
| Flavonoids |
+ |
| Anthocyanins |
+ |
| Cardenolids |
- |
| Alkaloids |
- |
| Cyanogenics
glycosides |
- |
Medicinal properties
and ethnic botanical study
It is traditionally used
as a nutritional complement for its high nutritional
value, rich in essential amino acids, oligoelements and
minerals specially phosphorus. (2)
The borojo contains
essential amino acids which can not be synthesized by
the body and must be added to the diet, therefore it is
recommended as cellular regenerator and collaborating in
the post surgical recovery and in scaring processes (5)
The Borojo could be the
new alternative in cancer treatment, thanks to the
presence of secondary metabolites called
sesquiterpenlactones, because they inhibit the cell
growth in malignant tumors, which means that it could
stop the metastasis (3)
The borojo is a fruit
rich in phosphorus, the phosphorus is an energy
generator through the ATP, which is vital to carry out
any type of activity (2)
From the medicinal point of view, it has been a
fundamental base of the cultural evolution of our
people; since our native Indians (Chocoes) selected and
adapted it to embalm cadavers, practice which is still
carried out by the African American communities in the
Rivers Atrato and San Juan. This was the first medicinal
use for the Borojo fruit.
It was also used in this
first stage as an initiation rite for puberty (in the
form of an alcoholic beverage).
With the interaction
between the Indian and the Native African, the
domestication of the fruit advanced a lot and other uses
appeared under the form of patches to cure the kidneys,
lungs, to increase the sexual potency, used to fight
malnutrition, etc. These uses became very popular among
the people from Choco and the African natives. (1)
Toxicity:
There is no specific data for Borojoa patinoi, in
Colombia it is recognized as food. (5, 6,7)
Bibliography
1. Mejía, M. 1984. Borojó.
Fruta Ecuatorial Colombiana. Colombia Amazónica. Vol. 1
(2): 89-106 Bogotá, Colombia
2.
Estudio de los frutos del borojoa patinoi cuatr. Revista
química latinoamericana 17 / 3-4. Universidad de
Antioquia. Medellín Colombia paginas 167-168. 1986
3. Aranzalez José A. El
borojo, Diligencia de reconocimiento ante la notaria
novena de Cali
4. Marcha fitoquímica
realizada por laboratorios medick sobre una muestra de
pulpa de Borojo en polvo según los lineamientos de los
siguientes libros:
- Metodos de
investigación fitoquimica. Xorge a Domínguez,
- Plant drug
analysis, H. Wagner & S.Bladt. Agosto 2005.
5.
Aguirre M, Lina Maria. Análisis de propiedades del
borojo. Ingeniera química
Universidad del Valle.
6.
http://www.fao.org.
Consultation February 2005
7.
http://www.fda.gov.
Consultation February 2005
8. http://www.invima.gov.co/version1/consultas.htm.
Consultation February 2005
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